Ankylopteryx Braüer, 1864. Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien.,14: 889.
Ankylopteryx Braüer, 1866. Zool. Theil., 2(4). Neuropteren, 34.
Ankylopteryx Hagen, 1866. Stett. Ent. Zeit., 27: 377.
Ankylopteryx Weele, 1909. In: Y. Sjöstedt: Kilimandjaro-Meru Expedition, 2(3): 18.
Ankylopteryx Navás, 1910. Broteria, 9: 57.
Ankylopteryx Banks, 1940. Proc. U. S. natn. Mus., 88, no. 3079: 187.
Ankylopteryx Kimmins, 1952. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (12)5: 80.
Ankylopteryx Tjeder, 1966. South Afr. Anim. Life, 12: 493.
Ankylopteryx Brooks and Barnard, 1990. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.),59(2): 155.

Characters: Medium lacewing; ground colour pale green.

Head: Marked with black stripes on clypeus, gena, frons; elongated palps; labrum indented; mandible symmetrical, without basal teeth; vertex slightly raised. Antenna as long as fore wing; flagellar segment 3-4 times longer than broad; setae arranged in 4 rings.

Thorax: Marked with black lateral spots; long, pale, fine setae; broad, black markings occasionally present on mesonotum; metanotum unmarked. Legs often have black annulations on fore and mid tibia, apex of 5th tarsal segment usually black; long, pale setae; claws without basal dilation.

Fore wing: Very broad, 7-12 mm long, marked with large black spots or veins with dark brown suffusion; costal area very broad at base; long, erect costal setae; pterostigma often marked with black spot; Sc and R very close; im may be absent; Rs strongly sinuate; gradates in two slightly divergent rows; c1 shorter than c2; jugal lobe reduced; tympanal organ present.

Hind wing: Smaller than fore wing; frenulum usually absent or reduced.

Abdomen: Unmarked; setae long, sparse; callus cerci ovate, bearing 17-20 trichobothria; ectoproct fused dorsally with slight dorsal invagination. In male sternite 8+9 are fused; microtholi absent. Sternite 7 straight apically in female.

Genitalia ♂ : Tignum, gonapsis and median plate absent; gonarcus long, arcuate; entoprocessus long, usually fused apically; arcessus absent; pseudopenis narrow, tapering apically; gonosaccus long with two gonosetae; gonocristae and spinellae absent.

Genitalia ♀: Praegenitale absent; subgenitale bilobed apically; spermatheca broad; duct long, coiled; vela absent.

Type species: Chrysopa venusta Hagen.

Remarks: The genus described by Braüer (1864), is well distributed in having fifty species of which eight species were known from India and Southern China. Altogether a total of three species was recorded so far from India of which only one species is found from Western Himalaya.

Distribution: Africa, China, Cambodia, India, Malagasy, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan.

Chrysopa Leach, 1815. Artekel Entomology-Brewster, Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 9(1): 138.
Aeolops Billberg, 1820. Holmiae, 95.
Emerobius Costa, 1834. Diverse Coutrade del Regno nell' Naples, 72.
Melanops Doumerc, 1861. Annals De la Société Entomologique de France, (4): 192.
Chrysopisca McLachlan, 1875. Fedtschenko Reise in Turkestan (Neur.), 2(5): 23.
Cintameva Navás, 1914. Revue Russe d' Entomologie, 14: 214.
Minva Navás, 1920. Novitates Zoologica, 26: 288.
Polyphlebia Navás, 1936. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica de Espana, 18: 88.
Metachrysopa Steinmann, 1964. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationales Hungarici (Zoologica), 56: 264.
Nigrochrysopa Steinmann, 1964. Ibid: 264.
Parachrysopa Séméria, 1983. Compte rendu Hebdomaire des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences, (Sér. III) 297: 310.
Chrysopa Brooks and Barnard, 1990. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 59(2): 201.

Characters: Medium sized lacewing; ground colour olive or pale green.

Head: Broad, usually marked with black spots or stripes. Palps tapered apically; deep or slight emargination on labrum. Broad deeply excised mandibles; asymmetrical with basal tooth on left mandible; galea short, vertex slightly raised. Antenna shorter than fore wing; scape not swollen or elongated; flagellar segment two times longer than broad, setae arranged in four rings.

Thorax: Unmarked pronotum or with extensive black markings; dorsal setae usually short black. Meso- and metanotum usually marked with black spots or unmarked; setae usually short, black; claw with or without basal dilation.

Fore wing: 13-19 mm in length, broad, oval, unmarked; basal costal area narow at first then gradually widening; costal setae short, inclined; stigma unmarked; Sc and R widely separated; im ovate, broad or narrow; Rs straight or sinuate; gradates in two parallel rows; basal inner gradate usually meeting psm; c1 as long as or less than 1.5 times longer than c2; dcc open at wing margin; jugal lobe reduced or absent; tympanal organ present.

Hind wing: Smaller than fore wing; frenulum absent.

Abdomen: With black markings or unmarked; setae short, coarse, sparse; callus cerci rounded or ovate, trichobothria 23-47. Ectoproct not completely fused with 9th tergite, it is only fused dorsally. In male, a deep dorso-apical invagination found on ectoproct; 9th tergite broad, rounded basally; no fusion in between sternite 8th and 9th, sternite 2-8 with microtholi; apodeme on tergite 9th arcuate, on sternite 8th and 9th with long, dorsally projecting apical tooth. Apically straight 7th sternite and ectoproct with slight dorsoapical invagination found in female.

Genitalia ♂ : Gonarcus with a pair of entoprocessus; tignum reduced, cylindrical or disc shaped, sometimes absent; gonapsis and median plate absent; entoprocessus broad basally with dorsal horn; arcessus absent; apically tapered, arcuate pseudopenis situated below gonarcus, sometimes with a pair of short median horns; short, globular, paired gonosaccus, gonosetae very long, numerous; gonocristae at the end of 9th sternite.

Genitalia ♀ : Praegenitale absent; subgenitale bilobed apically, sometimes with small median projection; spermatheca broad, ventral impression shallow to moderately narrow; vela short, duct long or short, sinuous.

Type species: Hemerobius perla Linnaeus

Remarks: Leach (1815) described this genus. This genus was described using different names by some earlier authors. But Brooks and Barnard (1990) during their revision work on Chrysopidae synonymized all those genera with Chrysopa Leach. Following Brooks and Barnard (1990) the author included this genus as Chysopa Leach. It is represented by a single species from Western Himalaya.

Distribution: Palaearctic, Oriental (India) and Nearctic.

Chrysoperla Steinmann, 1964. Annales historico-Naturales musei nationalis Hungarici (Zoologica), 56: 260.
Chrysoperla Hölzel, 1970. Zeitscher der Arbeitsgemeinschaff Östereichischer Entomologen, 23: 51.
Chrysoperla Séméria, 1977. Nouvelle Revue d'entomologie 7: 238.
Chrysoperla Brooks and Barnard, 1990. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 59(2): 204.

Characters: Medium sized, ground colour pale green.

Head: Usually unmarked or sometimes marked with red or brown stripes on gena, clypeus, frons and vertex. Labrum indented; broad asymmetrical mandible with basal tooth on left mandible; vertex raised. Antenna longer or shorter than fore wing; flagellar segments 2-3 times longer than broad; setae in four rings.

Thorax: Yellow median stripe or red lateral spot on pronotum. Unmarked meso- and metanotum or sometimes with yellow median stripes. Legs unmarked, setae long or short, pale or dark.

Fore wing: 9-14 mm in length; costal area narrow at base then gradually widening; unmarked; setae short, inclined or infrequently long and erect; basal costal crossvein sinuous; stigma unmarked; Sc and R well separated; im narrow, ovate; 1st Rs crossvein usually meets psm well distal of apex of im; Rs sinuous; gradates in two parallel series; basal inner gradate meeting psm; c2 broad, shorter than c1; jugal lobe reduced or absent; tympanal organ present.

Hind wing: Narrow, M and Rs fused for a short distance near base.

Abdomen: Unmarked or with median yellow stripe; setae long; callus cerci narrowly ovate with 23-34 trichobothria; ectoproct with slight apical invagination. In male sternite 8+9 fused with apical lip; microtholi absent. Apex of the sternite 7 is straight in female.

Genitala ♂ : Arcuate tignum; gonapsis and median plate absent; entoprocessus absent or very small; arcessus narrow, tapering or recurved apically; pseudopenis absent; long, narrow, arcuate gonarcus; gonosaccus short bearing spinellae, gonosetae long, few in lateral clump.

Genitalia ♀ : Praegenitale absent; subgenitale bilobed apically, slightly extended basally; spermatheca narrow; ventral impression shallow or deep; duct long or short, sinuous.

Type species: Chrysopa carnea Stephens.

Remarks: Steinmann (1964) recorded this as subgenus of Chrysopa Leach. Hölzel (1970) placed it as subgenus under Anisochrysa Nakahara, raised to genus status by Séméria (1977). The genus has 5 Oriental and Indian species of which three species have been recorded from Western Himalaya.

Distribution: Worldwide (All major regions of the globe).

Chrysopidia Navás, 1910. Broteria, 9: 54
Anomalochrysa Kuwayama, 1962. Pacif. Insects, 4: 372.
Chrysopidia Hölzel, 1971. Zeitscher der Arbeitsgemeinschaff Östereichischer Entomologen, 23: 57.
Chrysopidia Brooks and Barnard, 1990. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 59(2): 206.

Characters: Medium sized lacewings; ground colour pale green.

Head: Unmarked or with red or brown stripes on gena, vertex or scape; vertex raised; apically tapered palps marked with black dorsal stripes; labium straight or indented; broad symmetrical or asymmetrical mandibles. Antenna marked red or brown basally; scape more or less elongated; flagellar segments three times as long as broad; setae long, pale, arranged in four rings.

Thorax: Slightly elongated pronotum; long, pale, dorsal setae. Unmarked legs; claws basally dilated.

Fore wing: 12-17 mm long; costal area narrow at base; costal setae long, erect or slightly inclined; Sc long; Sc and R widely separated; im narrow, ovate, short; Rs straight or sinuous; gradates in three (occasionally two) parallel or divergent rows; basal inner gradate meeting psm; c1 shorter than c2; dcc open at wing margin; jugal lobe absent or reduced; tympanal organ present.

Hind wing: Posterior margin often has black suffusion.

Abdomen: Usually unmarked, long, sparse setae on ectoproct; tergite 9 and ectoproct in both sexes fused; sternite 8 and 9 in males completely fused, elongate and small.

Genitalia ♂ : Gonarcus and arcessus attached together; tignum, gonapsis and median plate absent; entoprocessus bifurcated basally without any horn.

Genitalia ♀ : Ectoproct dorso-apically invaginated.

Type species: Chrysopidia nigrata Navás.

Remarks: The genus was erected by Navás (1910), Kuwayama (1962) synonymized it with Anomalochrysa McLachlan. Hölzel (1971) reinstated it into genus status. There are 14 described species under this genus of which 3 were described from India Ghosh (1990). Only 1 species has been found from Western Himalaya.

Distribution: India and Nepal

Cunctochrysa Hölzel, 1970. Zeitscher der Arbeitsgemeinschaff Östereichischer Entomologen, 23: 47.
Cunctochrysa Aspöck et al, 1980. Die Neuropteran Europas, Vol. I & II: 271.
Cunctochrysa Brooks and Barnard, 1990. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist.(Ent),59(2): 213.

Characters: Small to medium sized insect, ground colour pale green.

Head: Black or red stripes on gena, clypeus; vertex raised; labrum straight; galea broad; palps tapered; broad asymmetrical mandible with basal tooth on left mandible. Antenna as long as fore wing; scape not swollen; flagellar segment 2-3 times as long as broad; setae arranged in four rings.

Thorax: Pro-, meso- and metanotum with yellow median stripe. Legs unmarked, setae short, black; claws with or without basal dilation.

Fore wing: Narrow, unmarked with gradate veins dark; costal area narrow at base; costal setae short, inclined; stigma unmarked; Sc and R widely separated; im narrow, ovate, occasionally rectangular; Rs sinuate; gradates in two parallel series, basal inner gradate meeting psm; c1 about same length as c2; dcc open at wing margin; jugal lobe reduced; tympanal organ present.

Hind wing: Smaller than fore wing; frenulum absent.

Abdomen: Unmarked; abdominal setae short, sparse; callus cerci bearing 21-23 trichobothria. In male, ectoproct slightly flattened caudally with dorso-apical invagination sometimes pronounced; sternite 8 + 9 fused, sometimes elongate; sternite occasionally with microtholi; ectoproct with slight apical invagination and apical suture in between ectoproct and tergite 9.

Genitalia ♂ : Tignum, gonapsis and median plate absent; entoprocessus long, tapering, ventrally curved; arcessus large, broad, 'axe-head' shaped in lateral view with a large ventral hook and dorsal striations; no pseudopenis; long, narrow gonarcus; gonosaccus short; gonosetae long, numerous, evenly dispersed; gonocristae and spinellae absent.

Genitalia ♀ : Praegenitale absent; subgenitale bilobed apically; spermatheca narrow or broad, ventral impression variable, moderate vela, long or short sinuous duct.

Type species: Chrysopa albolineata Killington.

Remarks: This small genus was mentioned first by Hölzel (1970) as a subgenus under Anisochrysa Nakahara. Tjeder (1972) treated it as subgenus under Chrysopa Leach. Aspöck et al (1980) gave it the genus status. Genus Cunctochrysa Hölzel includes only 4 species in the world. In the course of the present investigation one species of the genus is reported from Western Himalaya. The genus is for the first time reported from India.

Distribution: Europe, India, Nepal and South Africa.

Italochrysa Principi, 1946. Rossi. Bollettino dell' Instituto di Entomologica della Universita Degli, Degli Studi di Bologna, 15: 86.
Italochrysa Brooks and Barnard, 1990. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 59(2): 175.

Characters: Large lacewings; ground colour pale brown.

Head: Unmarked or with red markings on gena, frons or vertex; vertex flat or slightly raised; labrum deeply indented; palps rounded apically; galea broad; broad, asymmetrical mandible with basal tooth on left mandible; toruli large. Antenna as long as fore wing; scape not swollen; flagellar segment about as long as broad; setae arranged in four rings.

Thorax: Pronotum usually with dark markings; meso- and metanotum with dark markings or unmarked. Legs unmarked or with brown annulation on tibia; setae short, dark; claws with basal dilation.

Fore wing: Narrow, 14-15 mm in length; unmarked or with brown shadings on anal veins and dcc; costal area narrow at base; costal setae very short, inclined; unmarked stigma; moderately long Sc widely separated from R; im broad, long and quadrangular; Rs sinuate; gradates in two slightly divergent series; inner gradate meeting psm, occasionally extended basally; c1 1.5-2.0 times longer than c2; c2 narrow or broad; dcc open at wing margin; jugal lobe reduced; tympanal organ present.

Hind wing: Smaller than fore wing; frenulum absent.

Abdomen: Marked with brown dorsal stripe or unmarked; short, dense setae; rounded callus cerci with 36-80 trichobothria; ectoproct with slight apical invagination, not fused dorsally; ectoproct fused with tergite 9. In male, sternite 8 and 9 fused, short; sternite with or without microtholi; sternite 7 deeply invaginated apically with small dorsal swelling.

Genitalia ♂ : Tignum, gonapsis, median plate and entoprocessus absent; arcessus broad with strong apical hook; pseudopenis absent; gonarcus broad, short; gonosaccus and gonosetae absent; parameres paired, long, narow, sometimes toothed; spinellae and gonocristae absent.

Genitalia♀: Praegenitale absent; subgenitale bilobed apically; spermatheca narrow, short; ventral impression deep; vela long; duct long and coiled.

Type species: Hemerobius italica Rossi.

Remarks: Principi (1946) erected this genus. Ghosh (1981) described a new species Italochrysa flavobrunneus and redescribed Italochrysa robusta (Needham) under this genus from India. In the present study another species has been known which bears no similarities with the earlier species found from the Western Himalaya.

Distribution: Australia, China, Central and South Africa, Japan, Palestine, Iran, India and Sunda Island.

Mallada Navás, 1925. Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales de Zargoza, 9: 24.
Anisochrysa Nakahara, 1955. Kontyu, 23: 148.
Chrysopa Adams, 1959. Insects of Micronesia, 8(2): 25.
Chrysopa Tjeder, 1966. South Afr. Anim. Life, 12: 416.
Anisochrysa Hölzel, 1970. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Östereichischer Entomologen, 22: 46.
Mallada Adams, 1975. Psyche, 82: 172
Mallada Brooks and Barnard, 1990. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.), 59 (2): 223.

Characters: Small to medium lacewing; ground colour pale green, sometimes brown.

Head: Unmarked or sometimes with red, brown or black markings on gena, clypeus, scape and vertex; vertex raised; labrum straight or invaginated; galea broad; broad, asymmetrical mandible with basal tooth on left mandible. Antenna slightly longer or shorter than fore wing; flagellar segments 2-3 times as long as broad; setae arranged in four rings, black or brown in colour, sometimes pale yellow.

Thorax: Pronotum unmarked or with yellow median stripe, or with red or brown stripes or spots; meso- and metanotum marked or unmarked. Calciform organs (cuticular glands) present on pronotum and central region of mesonotum in male. Legs unmarked, setae long or short, pale or dark, claws with or without basal dilation.

Fore wing: Narrow or broad, 10-18 mm in length, usually unmarked but sometimes with dark suffusion around crossveins or spots; costal area narrow at base; costal setae short, inclined, occasionally long, erect; stigma unmarked, sometimes pale brown; Sc and R widely separated; im short, ovate; 1st Rs crossvein usually meeting psm at the apex or on the im cell; Rs straight or slightly curved; gradates in two, occasionally three parallel series; basal inner gradate not usually meeting psm; c1 shorter than c2; jugal lobe reduced; tympanal organ present.

Hind wing: Sc and R fused; stigma thickened, pale brown in male of some species; frenulum absent or reduced.

Abdomen: Unmarked or with red or black markings; setae long, sparse; callus cerci with 25-42 trichobothria; ectoproct with slight apical invagination, fused dorsally; fused with with tergite 9. In male microtholi usually absent; sternite 8 and 9 fused. Sternite 7 straight or convex apically in female.

Genitalia ♂: Arcuate or 'T' shaped tignum; gonapsis variable, often three pronged; median plate absent; short, straight entoprocessus, occasionally absent; gonarcus long, narrow; arcessus narow, tapering apically, often with dorsal striations and basal invagination; pseudopenis absent; gonosaccus short; gonosetae few, short; spinellae and gonocristae usually absent or weakly developed.

Genitalia ♀ : Praegenitale absent; subgenitale bilobed apically; spermatheca broad or narrow; ventral impression deep or shallow; vela long or short; duct long or short, sinuous.

Type species: Mallada stigmatus Navás

Remarks: The genus was erected by Navás (1925), Nakahara (1955) treated it as genus Anisochrysa, while Tjeder (1966) incorporated it as a subgenus of Chrysopa Leach. Further Hölzel (1970) reinstated it as a genus. Adams (1975) synonymized Anisochrysa with the genus Mallada. Later, Brooks and Barnard (1990) during their work on world Chrysopidae treated the genus Mallada as a valid one. This is the largest genus of the family Chrysopidae with at least 122 described species and many more remain to be described from the world. The Indian subcontinent comprises of 19 species of which only 2 species have been reported from Western Himalaya by Debnath (1988). In the present study another 4 species, including a new one, were reported from Western Himalaya. Thus raising the total number species of the genus Mallada Navás from the Western Himalaya to 6.

Distribution: Africa, Asia (including India), Australia, Europe and Pacific Islands.

Nothochrysa McLachlan, 1868. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., (1868): 195.
Nothochrysa Banks, 1903. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 29: 142.
Nothochrysa Van der Weele, 1909. Notes Leyden Mus., 31: 75.
Nathanica Navás, 1913. Trans. 2nd Int. Cong. Entomol., 2: 181.
Nothochrysa Okamoto, 1919. Hokkaido Agricultura Experiment Station Rep., 9:26.
Nothochrysa Kuwayama, 1924. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, 13: 8.
Nothochrysa Tjeder, 1941. Ent. Tidskr., : 30.
Nothochrysa Principi, 1946. Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologio della.Universito degli Studi di Bologna, 15: 85-102.
Nathanica Killington, 1937. A Monograph of British Neuroptera, Ray Society of London, 2: 235.
Nothochrysa Adams, 1967. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology,Havard, 135 (No.4): 222.
Nothochrysa Brooks and Barnard, 1990. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist.(Ent.), 59(2): 258.

Characters: Medium to large lacewings, ground colour brown.

Head: Vertex and frons have broad black stripes or unmarked; palps are rounded, truncate apically; indented labrum; mandibles are broad, asymmetrical with basal tooth on left mandible; galea broad with apical papilla; vertex domed. Antenna shorter than fore wing, flagellar segments 3 times longer than broad, setae arranged in five to six rings.

Thorax: Pronotum laterally or entirely dark brown; short, dark, pale dorsal setae; meso- and metanotum has dark brown markings. Legs are unmarked; setae short, dark; claws with or without basal dilations.

Fore wing: 18-21 mm in length; narrow, unmarked; basal costal area narrow; costal setae short, inclined; stigma with brown or red tinge; Sc long; Sc and R widely separate; Rs sinuate; gradates in two parallel series; c1 shorter than c2; 1A forked; jugal lobe well developed; tympanal organ absent.

Hind wing: Smaller than fore wing; frenulum on hind wing present.

Abdomen: Entirely brown; setae shorter on tergite, long, sparse on sternites; callus cerci ovate in male, rounded in female; trichobothria 36-39; ectoproct slightly invaginated dorsoapically; narrow dorsal suture present. In case of male, ectoproct fused with tergite 9; sternite 8 and 9 fused; except 9th sternite and ectoproct all sclerites carry microtholi; sternite broad; atria small; apodemes strongly developed on sternites.. In female, ectoproct not completely fused with tergite 9; sternite 7 convex apically.

Genitalia♂: Median plate, tignum and gonapsis are absent; triangular, minute entoprocessus present; gonarcus arcuate; arcessus short, triangular; pseudopenis absent; gonosaccus minute; short, small gonosetae arranged in lateral groups; gonocristae, spinellae absent; hypandrium large.

Genitalia ♀ : Praegenitale absent; apically bilobed subgenitale with broad basal extension; long, broad spermatheca with deep, broad, ventral impression; vela absent; duct long, coiled.

Type species: Chrysopa fulviceps Stephens.

Remarks: Members of Nothochrysa can be distinguished from other genera in having swollen scape and forked 1A in fore wing. Needham (1909) and Banks (1933, 1939) described 6 Nothochrysa species. Adams (1967), Tjeder (1966) and Brooks and Barnard (1990) mentioned in their papers the existence of 3 Nothochrysa species in the world. Needham described his species on the basis of their colouration and a few other morphological characters. Ghosh (1990) studied those specimen and confirmed the presence of 2 species Nothochrysa indigena Needham and Nothochrysa carletoni Banks from India. In the present study, 2 species Nothochrysa indigena Needham and Nothochrysa lefroyi Needham are found from the Western Himalaya. These species are studied and included under the genus Nothochrysa McLachlan for the presence of swollen scape and forked 1A.

Distribution: Great Britain, India, North America.

Retipenna Brooks, 1986. Neuroptera International , 4: 36.

Characters: Medium lacewing; ground colour pale green.

Head: Brown markings on gena, scape and vertex; vertex raised; palps elongated; mandibles without basal teeth. Antenna shorter than fore wing; flagellar segment 3 times longer than broad; setae arranged in four rings.

Thorax: Pro-, meso- and metanotum unmarked or with brown spots; dorsal setae long, pale. Legs with long, pale setae; claws with basal dilation.

Fore wing: Broad; 10-18 mm in length; costal area narrow at base; costal setae long, inclined; Sc long, widely separate from R; im small, ovate; gradates in two divergent series; basal inner gradate meeting psm; c1 shorter than c2.

Hind wing: Narrow; pterostigma indistinct.

Abdomen: Unmarked; ectoproct with apical invagination; callus cerci ovate; trichobothria 26-31; seate long. In male, sternite 8+9 fused; microtholi absent; ventral apodeme with prominent apical tooth. In female, sternite 7 straight apically.

Genitalia ♂ : Gonarcus narrow, elongate; entoprocessus long, slender; tignum and gonapsis absent; median plate broad, bilobed; arcessus tapering apically; pseudopenis absent; gonosaccus short with numerous gonosetae; a membranous sac situated dorsal to arcessus.

Genitalia ♀ : Praegenitale absent; subgenitale bilobed apically; spermatheca rounded, broad; duct short, expanded ventrally; vela small; ventral impression deep.

Type species: Chrysopa notata Navás.

Remarks: The genus was erected by Brooks (1986), can be distinguished by broad, bilobed median plate and presence of membranous sac above the arcessus. The genus is for the first time reported from India.

Distribution: India, South-East Asia.

Tumeochrysa Needham, 1909. Rec. Indian Mus., 3: 20.
Chrysopleca Navás, 1910. Broteria, 9: 55.
Tumeochrysa Banks, 1940. Proc. U. S. natn. Mus., 88 (3079): 187.
Tumeochrysa Brooks and Barnard, 1992. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Ent.),59 (2): 238.

Characters: Large lacewing, ground colour green.

Head: Broad, unmarked; vertex slightly raised; labrum indented; palps tapered apically. Antenna as long as body, shorter than wing; scape grossly enlarged, elongate; 1st and 2nd antennal segment fused; flagellar segment 1.5 times as long as broad; setae very short ,arranged in four rings.

Thorax: Pro-, meso- and metanotum usually unmarked. Legs unmarked; setae short, dark; hind coxa swollen; claws basally dilated.

Fore wing: Narrow, 20-25 mm, unmarked, costal area narrow at base; costal setae very short, inclined; stigma unmarked; Sc and R widely separated; Rs straight or sinuate; radial crossvein sinuate; gradates in three or four parallel series; inner gradate extends basally, not meeting psm; c1 shorter than c2; dcc short, closed before wing margin; jugal lobe reduced, tympanal organ present.

Hind wing: With three gradate series; costa convex; frenulum absent.

Abdomen: Elongated; trichobothria 35, densely packed; ectoprocts fused dorsally. In male setae long, sparse with short, dense setae on tergites 4-5 and very long, erect setae on tergite 7-8; microtholi absent; callus cerci ovate; ectoproct with deep broad apical invagination and blunt apical projection, fused with tergite 9; sternite 8 and 9 not fused; sternite 9 elongate, curved dorsally with large apical tubercle. In female setae long, dense; callus cerci rounded; ectoproct with slight apical invagination and incompletely fused with tergite 9; sternite 7 straight apically.

Genitalia ♂ :Tignum and gonapsis absent; median plate absent; entoprocessus short, broad; parameres absent; long, narrow, arcuate gonarcus with median horns; arcessus L- shaped, tapering apically; pseudopenis absent; gonosaccus small, gonosetae long; gonocristae and spinellae absent.

Genitalia ♀ : Praegenitale absent; subgenitale bilobed; spermatheca large; ventral impression absent; vela long; duct long, sinuous.

Type species: Tumeochrysa indica Needham.

Remarks: Needham (1909) erected this genus and distinguished it from its related genera in having grossly enlarged scape and closed dcc at the wing margin. This genus is restricted to Asiatic countries. Altogether 7 species were known from the world of which only 2 species were recorded from India. Only 1 species is known from the area of study.

Distribution: China, India, Nepal and Taiwan.

Coniocompsa Enderlein, 1905. Zool. Anz., 29: 225
Coniocompsa Meinander, 1972. Acta. Zool. Fenn., 136: 94

Characters: Body very small; covered by white powdery wax.

Head: Dark grey or with greyish brown markings; proximal segment of labial palp about as long as broad; eyes larger in males. Antenna short, 16-21 segmented; flagellar segments distinctly broader than long; setae arranged in two rings.

Fore wing: Venation highly reduced; long and narrow; 3-4 times as long as broad; Sc thick; R not connected with Sc basally; Rs sinuous; M narrow basally, running very close to R for some distance; M unforked; two crossvein between Rs and M; one between M and Cu1.

Hind wing: Smaller than fore wing or equal; venation reduced.

Abdomen: Pale and weakly sclerotized. 8 tergite, sternite and pairs of spiracles present in both sides. Wax glands arranged in narrow dorsal crossbands on segment 3-8.

Genitalia ♂ : Ectoproct weakly sclerotized; 9th sternite external and strongly sclerotized; thick tube like penis; pair of paramers present, anteriorly connected to the base of the penis.

Genitalia ♀ : Weakly sclerotized; 9th tergite fused with ectoproct, a pair of dorsal knobs present on it; 10th sternite forming a large concave, dense hairy plate; a pair of long setae present on each gonapophysis lateralis.

Type species: Coniocompsa vesiculigera Enderlein

Remarks: Very little information is known about this genus from India; only 1 species known from Eastern India so far. This genus is reported here for the first time from the present area of study.

Distibution: Cape Verde Islands, China, East and South Africa, Formosa, Guinea, India, Japan, Malayan Peninsula, Philippines.

Dilar Rambur, 1842. Histoire naturelle des Insectes Neuropteres, Roret, Paris, pp 534.

Characters: Body medium sized; ground colour brown.

Head: Vertex with prominent ocelli like tubercles. Antenna pectinate in male, filamentous in female; scape as long as broad; pedicel longer than broad; flagellar segments with one branch; setae numerous.

Thorax: Brown. Legs pale brown; tibiae 2 fold or more than 2 fold longer than femur.

Fore wing: Membrane transparent or sometimes with pale brown spots; Rs 3 in number; crossveins numerous.

Hind wing: Smaller than fore wing.

Abdomen: Worted; mid-posterior portion of all tergite well chitinised and pigmented, forming a low triangular area; 10th tergite split into two large lateral plates.

Genitalia ♂ : Anal plate beset with long hairs and enclosed between them the 10th sternite forms two pairs of strongly chitinised structures with long, claw like projections, external claspers; 10th sternite consisting of dorsal and ventral lobe; distal end of dorsal lobe produced into short projection of varying shape, aedeagus; distal end of ventral lobe produced into a pair of arms, each with distinct tooth usually at apex, internal claspers; median process arising from mid-posterior portion of ventral lobe and lying in between aedeagus and internal claspers; hypandrium present.

Genitalia♀: Ovipositor long.

Remarks: There are 40 species reported under the family Dilaridae, of which 3 genera and 3 species are so far reported from India (Ghosh, 1998). Genus Dilar containing 2 species were previously reported from the North-West Himalaya. In the present study 1 species was found under this genus from the Western Himalaya. This indicates a new region of distribution of this genus. Members of the family are generally found to be associated with small, soft bodied insects living under debris or bark of trees. However the species under this genus, was collected from aphid infested bushes in the Western Himalaya, which shows another mode of possible predation.

Distribution: India.

Hemerobius Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 1: 549.
Mucropalpus Rambur, 1842., Histoire naturelle des Insectes Neuropteres, pp 420.
Stenolomus Navás, 1906. Rev. Real. Acad. Ciene. Madrid, 4: 70.
Hemerodromia Navás, 1909. Ann. Soc. Sci. ent. Brux., 33: 215.
Schneiderobius Krüger, 1922. Stett. Ent. Zeit., 83: 171.
Hagenobius Krüger, Ibid.
Reuterobius Krüger, Ibid.
Brauerobius Krüger, Ibid.
Hemerobius Killington, 1937. Monograph of British Neuroptera. Vol. II: 1
Hemerobius Carpenter, 1940. Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. and Sciences, 74: 198.
Hemerobius Nakahara, 1960. Mushi, 34: 38.
Hemerobius Tjeder, 1966. South Afr. Anim. Life, 8:
Hemerobius Oswald, 1993. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 101 pp.

Characters: Small insects, ground colour brown.

Head: Broadly oval; vertex strongly sclerotised anteriorly; frons also sclerotised but towards neck becoming somewhat thin; temporal and post frontal suture distinct; epistomal and frontal suture rather obsolete. Large eyes; large mandibles. Cardo of maxillae divided into basi and disticardo; stipe slender with indistinct tooth like palpiger; basigalea rather short; galea with rounded, haired tip; lacinia narrow , acute and shorter than galea; palps 6-segmented and segments are slender. In labium, submentum is elongate, oval; labial palps are 4-segmented, segments are slender. Anterior tentorial pits are small. Antenna is more than half of the length of fore wing; scapes are enlarged but pedicels are not, they are tranverse or shortly elongate.

Thorax: Pronotum is transverse with distinctly projected lateral lobes. Legs slender; tibia slightly dilated, as long as or slightly longer than femur.

Fore wing: Yellow, reddish, brown or grey in colour predominantly; blackish spot or black pattern are often present; 7-10 mm in length; oval with broadly rounded tip having convex margin. Costal area more or less broad at base, with distinct branched forked and recurrent humeral vein; most of costal veinlets are forked. Usually two crossveins in between Sc and R. Number of Rs branches are usually 3, sometimes 4, rarely 5. Two gradate series of crossveins.

Hind wing: Pale with two series of gradates, the inner one with very few crossveins. Costal area broad at base; frenulum short, haired.

Abdomen: Brown, without any warts. In male, ectoproct large, forked; end in two prongs, the upper one called anoprocessus and the lower one called catoprocessus. Anoprocessus has usually one or two sharp teeth, where as catoprocessus is blunt. Either of these two may be occasionally reduced or totally absent. A small subannale is sometimes present as haired plate below the anus. In female, ectoproct plate like, lateral part of tergite usually reach the under surface of abdomen; they are sometimes fused. A development of secondary 8th sternite is found; when present it forms the ventral part of sternite 8 and on each side it is united with the lateral part of tergite 8. Lateral part of tergite 9 backwardly expanded; sometimes separated, in that case the tergite consists of a dorsal and a pair of lateral plates.

Genitalia ♂ : Gonarcus arch formed, usually with transverse dorsal portion. The arcessus forms a pair of structures, attached to the hind margin of gonarcus. The entoprocessus absent. Small, free parameres are membranously connected to each other.

Genitalia ♀ : Gonapophysis lateralis without stylus, crescent, triangular or elongate in shape. Subgenitale very small or absent, without any additional structure. Spermatheca small, sac like, very weak and faintly pigmented.

Type species: Hemerobius humulinus Linnaeus.

Remarks: The genus is well known contains 125 species across the globe (Tjeder, 1966). In India only 2 species were known which were reported from the South and Eastern India. Hitherto it is recorded for the first time from the present area of study and it is represented by a single species.

Distribution: All major regions of the globe except Australia and Oceania. Found in Africa, America, Afganisthan, Atlantic Islands, Baluchistan, Comoros, China, Europe (except Iceland), India, Java, Japan, Kamchatka, Lebanon, Malagasy, Malacca, Pakistan, Philippines, Siberia, Sumatra, Syria, Taiwan and Tonkin.

Micromus Rambur, 1842. Histoire naturelle des Insectes Neuropteres, Roret, Paris, pp 416.
Nesomicromus Perkins, 1899. Neurop. In: Fauna Hawai, 37.
Pseudopsectra Perkins, Ibid.
Nesothauma Perkins, Ibid.
Nenus Navás, 1912. Mem. Real. Acad. Cienc. Y Art. Bercel., 10:199.
Eumicromus Nakahara, 1915. Annotat. Zool. Jap., 9: 11.
Archaeomicromus Krüger, 1922. Stett. Ent. Zeit., 83: 171-172.
Indomicromus Krüger. Ibid.
Stenomicromus Krüger, Ibid.
Heteromicromus Krüger, Ibid.
Meomicromus Krüger, Ibid.
Pseudomicromus Krüger, Ibid.
Paramicromus Krüger, Ibid.
Tanca Navás, 1929. Annali del Museo Civico di storia Naturale Giacomo Doria,53: 373.
Spilomicromus Nakahara, 1960. Mushi, 34: 27.
Anomicromus Nakahara, Ibid, 34: 30.
Ameromicromus Nakahara, Ibid, 34: 33.
Afromicromus Nakahara, Ibid, 34: 34.
Austromicromus Nakahara, Ibid.34: 35.
Micromus Tjeder, 1966. South. Afr. Anim. Life, 8: 305.
Micromus Oswald, 1993. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 101pp.

Characters: Body small to medium in size; ground colour brown to blackish.

Head: Elongated with small eyes and long genae; short epicranial suture present; indistinct temporal suture. Postfrontal suture continuing forward as more or less long stripe. Distinct epistomal suture. Labrum short with rounded margin. Mandibles of medium size. In case of maxilla, cardo divided into basicardo and disticardo; stipe short; galea short and stout; basigalea narrow; lacinia broad and stout; maxillary palps 5-segmented. In labium, submentum rather short, broad at base; mentum very short, fused with ligula which is of uniform breadth and rounded at apex; labial palp 3-segmented. Anterior tentorial pit small. Antenna smaller than fore wing.

Thorax: Pronotum somewhat elongate. Legs hairy, hind leg rather long.

Fore wing: Variable in shape, ovate with convex margin or elongated; 5-11 mm in length. Costal area of the fore wing very narrow at the extreme base. Humeral vein unforked, simple and not recurrent. Number of Rs branches of fore wing vary from 3 to 8. Two series of gradate crossveins in both pairs of wings.

Hind wing: Usually with 2-4 Rs branches. Frenulum not projecting or very little projeted; at the apex it bears a tuft of hair.

Abdomen: Brown or blackish. In male, tergite 9 more or less distinctly divided in the mid-dorsal line forming a pair of lateral plates which are fused to respective ectoproct. A broad, more or less distinct antecosta fused in the anterior margin of tergite halves. Lower portion of these are expanded and produce forward a strong, more or less broad process. Ectoprocts with catoprocessus which is generally long and projecting, sometimes forked or dentate at apex; anoprocessus lacking. In female, tergite 9 is divided in the middle line forming two lateral plate fused with respective ectoproct.

Genitalia ♂ : Gonarcus always with arcessus, sometimes entoprocessus present. Hypandrium internum of common stem-like form.

Genitalia ♀ : Gonapophysis laterales simple, without style. A simple subgenitale present or lacking. Spermatheca small or weak, sac or tube-like, often twisted.

Type species: Hemerobius variegatus Fabricius.

Remarks: Several authors reported the presence of a number of species from every corner of the world. Several of these species names are proved to be synonyms and it is impossible to judge the validity of most of the species described earlier, because the descripton were based on wing characters and colours only (Tjeder,1966). Altogether 6 species have been reported from India. But in the present study this genus was reported with three aphidophagous species including 2 new species.

Distribution: Cosmopolitan.